Despite virulent critiques and the planned destruction of the tower twenty years after its construction, the success was immediate. It is the most visited and loved landmark in Paris. He ended up being hired by Charles Nepveu, an engineer specialized in the construction of steam-powered machines who also made material used for railways. At only 25 years old, his first large-scale project was construction of the iron girder bridge, Pont de Bordeaux , that measured more than meters 1, feet in length.
This was the biggest contract in his entire career in business, and also the one with the greatest risk. Given the risk he faced, he was granted major financial advantages and solid guarantees, which allowed him to collect his profit as soon as the work was begun.
Despite the care which Eiffel took in the project, the liquidation of the canal construction company, Compagnie du Canal, on February 4 , led to his own indictment for fraud alongside De Lesseps and his son, and to a sentence of two years in prison and a fine of francs, even though nothing could really be blamed on him personally. With his honour and dignity severely compromised, he withdrew from business.
The ruling was later to be annulled by the highest appeal court, the Cour de Cassation, liberating him of all obligations concerning the accusations, which put an end to any further court action against him. In retirement following the Panama scandal, Eiffel devoted the final thirty years of his life to a fruitful career as a scientist.
First of all he set himself to finding a practical application for the Tower, which had only been built to stand for twenty years. He employed it in wind resistance experiments, as a meteorological observation post, and above all as a giant aerial mast for the new science of radio broadcasting.
He collected meteorological data at posts installed in his various properties, and at the same time pursued his research into aerodynamics , building a wind tunnel right at the foot of the Tower, and then a second and much larger one on Rue Boileau in Paris, in This latter wind tunnel is still in service.
This technique is used today in many bridges. This technique was used when he built the Eiffel Garabit Viaduct. The minimum span between the two pillars is This bridge changed the city of Viana do Castelo with the implementation of the railway and the widening of the port area. It is a railway arch bridge constructed between and by Gustave Eiffel, along with structural engineering by Maurice Koechlin. It is m in length and the principal arch measures m in the span.
The viaduct was closed as cracks were discovered in one of the foundation piles. Gustave Eiffel designed the main dome while Charles Garnier was an architect. The observatory has a refractor telescope made by Gautier and Henry, holds the record of largest in a privately funded observatory, and also sets for m high altitude.
It was outperformed when Lick Observatory was built in It was featured in movies such as Simon Sez and Magic in the Moonlight. Rouzat Viaduct was completed in for railway purposes in Gannat, France. Gustave Eiffel designed one of the bridges in Cubzac, crossing points over the river Dordogne. Cubzac is one of the prominent roadwork projects for Eiffel. Commonly known as Hotel Train, located in Lasi, Romania built in Built by Gustave in Neoclassical style. Lasi county includes this hotel in the list of historical monuments.
Scarlet Pastia initially decided to build a theatre, but instead went on to build a hotel. It holds a 4-star classification from the year over the investment of over 4 million euros. The metallic structures were built in Gustavo factories and sent to Manaus by ship. The specialty of the building was having two facades each facing the Rio Negro and the other the public road. It is a famous marketplace in the city of Manaus, one of the largest.
The market consists of two pavilions made of masonry and others made in iron due to insufficient raw material. Statue of Liberty is located in New York. The people of France gifted this copper statue to the United States.
Terminology For a guide to terms, see: Architecture Glossary. Garabit Viaduct Ruynes-en-Margeride, Cantal. Designed by Gustave Eiffel. One of France's " greatest architects ", Gustave Eiffel is best known for designing and building Paris's most famous landmark, the Eiffel Tower , which was erected in record time between January and March He also helped to design another iconic work of 19th century architecture - Bartholdi's Statue of Liberty in New York harbour - for which he created the supporting metal framework.
His other major architectural projects included Budapest Railway Station and the dome of Nice Observatory Although Eiffel's expertise lay essentially in architecture and engineering, notably in the structural properties and performance of wrought-iron, his most famous monuments are regarded as unique examples of public art , rather than mere engineering achievements.
In addition to these works, Eiffel is also noted for numerous technically demanding bridges which he built in France and elsewhere. These include the the Bordeaux railway bridge, the Garabit viaduct in southern France, as well as the Maria Pia bridge carrying the Lisbon to Porto railway across the river Douro, in Portugal.
In later life, Eiffel focused his attention on meteorology and aerodynamics, making important contributions in both fields. A talented and highly creative man who was also in the right place at the right time, he remains a major contributor to modern art whose key achievements remain unequalled to this day.
Training and Early Works. Born in Dijon, in the Cote-d'Or, his parents' business commitments meant that he spent most of his childhood living with his grandmother. He attended the Lycee Royal in Dijon, where he gained his baccalaureats in science and humanities. He was also encouraged by his uncle an industrialist , and Michel Perret a chemist , both of whom introduced him to the complexities of chemistry and mining.
Specializing in chemistry, he graduated in , 13th out of a class of After graduating, Eiffel worked briefly for the Compagnie des Chemins de Fer de l'Ouest , for whom he produced his first bridge design - a 22 metre-long iron bridge for the Saint Germaine railway.
After this he was offered a job as head of the research department of Compagnie Belge de Materiels de Chemin de Fer , a firm making materials for railways. In the company was commissioned to build a railway bridge over the river Garonne at Bordeaux. This involved the construction of a metre 1, ft iron girder bridge supported by six pairs of stone pillars on the river bed.
The foundations were made with the help of compressed air caissons and hydraulic rams, both experimental techniques at the time. To begin with, Eiffel was given the task of assembling the metalwork but in the end took over responsibility for the entire project.
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